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| vocal = alto | instrumental = }} ''ドイツ語:Geist und Seele wird verwirret'' (Spirit and soul become confused), , is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed the solo cantata for alto voice in Leipzig for the twelfth Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 8 September 1726. Bach composed the cantata in his fourth year as ''Thomaskantor'' (musical director) in Leipzig. The text is based on the day's prescribed reading from the Gospel of Mark, the healing of a deaf mute man. The librettist is Georg Christian Lehms, whose poetry Bach had used already in Weimar as the basis for solo cantatas. The text quotes ideas from the gospel and derives from these the analogy that as the tongue of the deaf mute man was opened, the believer should be open to admire God's miraculous deeds. The cantatas for this Sunday have a positive character, which Bach stressed in earlier works for the occasion by including trumpets in the score. In this work, he uses instead an obbligato solo organ in several movements. The cantata is structured in seven movements in two parts, to be performed before and after the sermon. Both parts are opened by an instrumental sinfonia with solo organ, probably derived from concerto music composed earlier in Weimar or Köthen. The alto singer performs a sequence of alternating arias and recitatives, accompanied in all three arias by the organ as an equal partner. The orchestra is formed by two oboes, taille, strings and basso continuo. The alto part is demanding and was probably written with a specific singer in mind, as with the two other solo cantatas composed in the same period. == History and words == Bach composed the cantata in his fourth year as ''ドイツ語:Thomaskantor'' in Leipzig for the twelfth Sunday after Trinity. It is regarded as part of his third annual cantata cycle. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, the ministry of the Spirit (), and from the Gospel of Mark, the healing of a deaf mute man (). The cantata text was written by Georg Christian Lehms and published in ''ドイツ語:Gottgefälliges Kirchen-Opffer'' (1711). The text connects the healing of the deaf man to the thoughts of the believer who is left deaf and mute in awe looking at the healing of Jesus and God's creation. The text of the second aria is almost a quote of the gospel's last verse.〔 Because of the requirements that "new music" be composed as often as possible, Bach seldom chose older poems for his cantatas; consequently, the conductor Craig Smith has suggested that parts of this work may have been composed earlier than the first recorded Leipzig performance. Bach had already composed his first solo cantata on a text by Lehms, ドイツ語:''Widerstehe doch der Sünde'', BWV 54, composed during his tenure in Weimar, also for an alto soloist. The cantata is one of three Bach cantatas written in Leipzig in 1726 in which an alto is the only vocal soloist, the others being ドイツ語:''Vergnügte Ruh, beliebte Seelenlust'', BWV 170, and ドイツ語:''Gott soll allein mein Herze haben'', BWV 169. It seems likely that Bach had a capable alto singer at his disposal during this period. Bach had earlier composed two other cantatas for the twelfth Sunday after Trinity, in his first year in Leipzig ''Lobe den Herrn, meine Seele'', BWV 69a, first performed on 15 August 1723, and in his third year ''Lobe den Herren, den mächtigen König der Ehren'', BWV 137, first performed on 19 August 1725, as an added part of his cycle of chorale cantatas. Both works focus on praise (''Lob'') and use an orchestra including festive trumpets. Furthermore, the work has two large concerto movements for organ and orchestra, probably from a lost concerto for keyboard, oboe or violin, perhaps indicating that the cantata was composed for a seasonal choral ''absentia'' at Thomaskirche. The first nine bars of the opening sinfonia are practically identical to the fragment BWV 1059.〔 Bach led the first performance on 8 September 1726,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Geist und Seele wird verwirret BWV 35; BC A 125 / Sacred cantata (12th Sunday after Trinity) )〕 and probably played the organ part himself.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geist und Seele wird verwirret, BWV 35」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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